I’ve had my vehicle for almost four years and unfortunately just now tried out this auto repair shop. They were the most professionally ran shop that I have dealt with (same as a dealership only cheaper).The manager Randy kept me updated and the costs within reason. I recommend them and will use them going forward.

BEWARE DO NOT USE THIS SHOP Terrible Customer Service and left my brake line unsecured which was damaged by the rotor and caused my brakes to fail while stopping at a major intersection. The technicians claim Im a liar, that they have no responsibility over the brake line while changing pads and rotors. They tell me my explanation is an impossibility. I almost died. I called back to speak to the manager after the technician hung up on me and the manager requested I bring the vehicle in, but hing up after I refused and tried to explain that he would really address he customer service with his employees. He definitely didnt want to hear that. BEWARE DO NOT USE THIS SHOP

Randy and his team exceeded my expectations from the moment I first walked through the door to when my keys were handed back to me and my vehicle was running smooth again. They serviced my car in a timely manner and kept me posted throughout the process. The pricing was fair and the service professional. The drive across a couple of state lines was well worth it. Thank you for excellence across the board.

We used the shop recently for an oil change and standard maintenance on our Land Rover. We are satisfied and pleased with the level of professionalism and value of the company. Didnt receive the run-around. Didnt receive any suggested maintenance that was inflated. I was pleased about that. Im certain that we will be using them again.

Randy and his team were very professional. I like the text technical report I received outline, very clearly, everything that was needed. They performed the repairs and called me “early” to tell me the car was ready. I appreciated the under promise and over deliver approach. They are super busy so if a repair is needed proper planning should be made. I got my car a few days ago and it is running great.

Needed a new battery replaced quickly and they completed it right away. Also check over the entire vehicle to confirm everything was good.

Excellent service at this location! I was really impressed by how fast these guys were able to service my car and the professional manner that was maintained during the whole process. I highly recommend their services. Special thanks to Randy and Jonathan!

Their were very professional and they absolutely gave me a fair quote to replace the water pump and timing belt in my 2004 Volkswagen Bettle. Count on them to do a great job..

European Motors come through again with 5 stars! Randy and team were very courteous and communicated problems and fixed them in a timely and professional manner. Customer service and work always exceed the standard in care of my BMW. I highly recommend them for all your car needs!

This place is awesome. Amazing customer service & I felt like my car was in great hands. I 100% recommend bringing your car here. I will never take my car anywhere else.

Let me save you the trouble if you are reading this and tell you not choose this establishment. My car was leaking coolant and they proceeded to tell me that I needed a new reservoir tank and thermostat. I told them that was fine but after paying $800 for these seemingly “simple fixes” my car was still leaking coolant. I then payed an additional $400 for a water pump. When I asked why they didn’t check the whole coolant system after the reservoir tank Randy told me he could only fix things as they present themselves. Understandable, but I’m highly skeptical that in the couple hours I had the car after these fixes that these failures kept occurring. Especially since they said they drove it 20 miles after putting the water pump on. The thing that gets me is he had the gall to shake my hand after “fixing” my car. Back in my day those type gestures meant you vouched for your work. Obviously in this day and age money is the almighty power and customer service has fallen by the wayside. August 2021 buyer beware

For many years I have taken my vehicle to the Audi dealership for routine service and repairs. When I noticed a coolant leak I was a little hesitant to have someone other than the Audi dealer perform this service, but decided to give European Service Center a shot. I was very impressed with their professionalism and competence. Just as a feared, the fix was rather complex, but these guys handled it perfectly. Unless its a warranty repair, Ill be using European Service Center for all of my future service needs.

Professionalism, honesty and integrity. I trust all of my vehicles (Land Rover and BMW) to Randy and his team. Randy is an honest man, and he doesn’t play any games. Hands down better service than the local dealerships. First brought my 2018 Land Rover in to get an estimate for service right after having warranty work done at the dealership. Randy found a leak in the engine, which the dealer completely missed or ignored. Took it back to Land Rover and sure enough, there was a recall. The prices are great, much lower than the dealer - but it’s only a great deal because they do a better job. So glad I found this shop, I’m a customer for life.

Ive been bringing my BMW 535i here for years. I do not trust my cars with anyone else! They are the best, pricing is fair, and communication is excellent!

They replaced my motor in a Q5 Audi. It runs like it is new without any problems at all. My wife and family were very satisfied with their service. So I call Randy the manager. He handled my problems like a pro. This is why my 40 miles distance to the shop was the best decision all year. Excellent customer service!!!

My brakes were making a grinding sound for two days and they were able to squeeze me in last minute and got the job done within a day even with their busy schedule. Im moving to the area from Texas and was looking for a reliable auto shop for my car anyway so Im happy to have found this place....and they also have a location in Dallas so thats a plus. Hopefully, I will continue to get a 5 star experience and I can bring all of my vehicles here for repair and maintenance!

They did an assessment of the vehicle and through texting a link sent pics of the problems with the vehicle. Transparency is key. They also are heart felt about what is best for your time and money even if it means that wont get the work....Awesome.

Honest, highly professional, highly skilled and repairs are done quickly. You can’t ask for more than this. I would give way more than five stars if I could. These guys are the best.

Randy and his team did an awesome job for my Mercedes SUV. The service was quick, professional, and good value. We will definitely keep using their service.

I have visited this shop twice and both time I had a wonderful experience with this shop. I especially liked their honesty and their professionalism.

I brought my Audi in at 830 AM on a Monday as a first timer to the shop. By 5 PM, I had new brakes and they had gained a lifetime customer! Kind, honest, fast & do great work. What more could you ask for in your automobile shop?

Great service and very good pricing! Randy the manager always checks in with us througout the yr to make sure our car is tip top. A++++

Staff is professional and courteous. Received my car in perfect timing.

They kept me informed of the work and the cost. It was easy To schedule and pick up. Good work and fair price too.

Honestly and Professional goes a long way. They took the time to look over what I was told by another shop which I won’t name here. I liked the detailed report with pictures they send you.If this is how they do business they earned my business going forward.

My EPC light came on as I was on my way back home to Alabama. I came to the European Service Center to have my Audi A7 checked out. Randy and Jonathan was very helpful and honest. I got my car fixed and made it back to AL with no problems at all...Tim Kirkland

Had a great experience. They fixed my car quickly and efficiently. Best of all when they said they would do something, they stuck to their word. I really appreciated that! Car is running smoothly! Thank you so much!

UPDATE: Thank you Jonathan and Carlos. This is the review that I really wanted to leave.My experience started yesterday when I received a call from Jonathan letting me know that I was right to get a second opinion from him. After a thorough inspection, Jonathan informed me that the previous service provider that I had taken my BMW to had either not done the oil change that we paid for or that they used a completely incorrect weight of oil when they did the oil change just six weeks ago. Additionally his quote for the transmission service that I needed, came in 30% below the other shop in Lawrenceville. I was extremely upset with the Lawrenceville shop, and handled that situation.I was also excited because I felt like I had found a service provider in the Duluth area that was trustworthy. I told Jonathan to go ahead with the work and then if I could get my car back that day it would be great. The guys in the shop did their best to get it done just before quitting time, and I picked up my car that night. Unfortunately, my husband went to drive the car just a few hours later only to have another warning error related to the original issue. To say I was frustrated, is putting it lightly.I left an unfavorable review first thing this morning asking for someone to contact me as soon as possible, and then texted the number that they provided to contact them. Much to my surprise my text was responded to within an hour. They were able to get in touch with a tech who was at the shop, even though they were technically closed, and I was able to take my vehicle over immediately.Thanks to Carlos for helping me out so quickly, and explaining to me to be issue. He was able to fix it in just a few minutes and send me on my way. Moral of the story is, things happen, stuff goes wrong. It’s how you respond to it that matters. You got this one right, thank youORIGINAL REVIEW: I drove my car five miles, left it at my husbands work, he got in it to come home six hours later and the engine coolant warning came on as soon as he started it. The thermostat housing was just replaced and this is related. Now it’s Saturday and we can’t drive the vehicle over the weekend. Please contact me ASAP to resolve. I would love to change this review rating since Jonathan was so great in assisting me figuring out the issues to begin with.

European Service Center was fantastic! Quality work, professional staff, a coke and a smile! Im a satisfied guest!

Omggggg the best customer experience & expertise in foreign automotive diagnostics and repair. They prevented me paying thousands less than I would have at the Audi Dealership plus they were quick and through in explaining every detail. My expectations have been exceeded, “ I Love 💕 it here “

Randy was very helpful and kind from the beginning. This place is also really clean and has an area with snacks and drinks while you wait for your car. They’re very honest mechanics. They are also fast working, prices are really good and they take the time to check in on you after work has been done to your car. I brought my car here for a couple of things and they were able to fix everything.

Great and smooth process. Car wouldn’t shift into gear. Car was towed to the shop and fixed by the next day. Randy was extremely professional.

Outstanding customer service. Randy and his team are the best. Thanks a million

Very professional service and courteous management and staff. They sent someone to the store just to get coffee stirrers for me for my coffee. Waiting room is very comfortable which means if you have to stay for a repair that takes a little longer it’s worth it.

Went in badly needing new brakes (car shook severely when braking). After replacing the pads and rotors on all four wheels the braking system (including ABS) is very effective and very smooth. Randy was highly professional throughout the process, and the shop overall has a welcoming atmosphere. Will be returning soon when I decide to go ahead and replace some worn-out suspension components, since I expect they will get it done right.

I have an Audi A3 that needed the fuel tank replaced and Randy was the bees knees! He kept me informed ever step of the way and making sure I got more bang for my buck. I would highly recommend for women if you want to feel comfortable getting your car repaired and not being taken advantage of. Emails, texts and phone calls Randy and his team worked fast and efficiently to get my car back to me ASAP. I will be a repeat customer.

Great car service center! I brought my car there for spark plugs and air filters. They did a wonderful job. They were very professional, cost friendly, and respectful of my time. I love how they sent me a “report card” with picture when my car was done. I will definitely be going back for future service. Thanks!

My MB mechanic recently retired so I was looking for another place for general maintenance on my ML. I called two other shops near me and both quoted me over $300 for a Service C, which included synthetic oil change, routine computer scan, fluid check and reset service reminder. The dealership quoted $379.I texted ESC in the morning and heard back from Randy within 30 minutes. Randy gave me a quote that was way better than what the other two shops told me. Randy was transparent and answered all my questions on the phone. I was able to bring my car in on the same day.When I got there I was very impressed on the cleanliness of shop and waiting area. Randy told me itll take about two hours or so as they were very busy, which I thought was very reasonable. When the mechanic did a general inspection, he found the oil separator was old and leaking. They even took a photo to show me how it looked. Jonathan told me how much parts and labor were if I want to fix it. Again, it was very affordable. Unfortunately they did not have the part on hand so they had to order from the store, but Randy assured me that it will be done today. When the part arrived, Randy inspected it and did not like how it looked. He said he wouldnt want to put it on his car, so he sent his guy back to the store to exchange for an acceptable one. When the guy returned, they were able to install it within an hour. The total for the entire job was cheaper than what the dealership charges just for an oil change.These guys are very honest and transparent. They kept me updated throughout the entire process as the job took longer than 2 hours initially said. They will go out of their way to make sure you wont have the same problem again, even if it wasnt their fault. That to me speaks volume about these guys. They are not here just to make your money. They really do care about their customers. Randys motto is Id love to see you return as a customer, but not for the same job! I can not say the same for some of the other mechanics out there. No doubt Randy, Jonathan and his crew have made me a customer for life.

Randy was super prompt in their diagnostic and service. Totally appreciate their honesty in informing us of what they could and could not do. The car had some software issue that has to be referred back to the dealership. We were not charged for the diagnostic. Will definitely be using their services down the line, but fingers crossed, that won’t have to happen too often 😉

Great company! The work was good and I was most impressed with the customer service. They were extremely attentive and even called me back weeks later to let me know that there was a charge on my card by accident. That is extremely honest. I didnt look at my account to check if deposit was refunded and they were honest enough to catch this mistake. Good people! I would do business with them again.

Randy and his highly skilled technicians are always professional and prompts with my issues. I feel very confident, recommending European Service Center for all your auto repairs.

Everyone knows that finding a new shop for car repairs due to relocating from out of state is always a daunting task. Well I did my usual checking around and review reading, then decided to take my Range Rover to European Service Center in Duluth for brake work. Im now going on almost 2 months since Randy and team did an excellent job with it, and am 100% satisfied with the work and price. I will definitely be using them again the next time I need anything done. Thanks team!

Very courteous and prompt service. Randy delivers personalized service and I have confidence in their work.

I would use this place every time. I use to always take my car to BMW for repair. I found this place and the same price BMW quotes me to fix my car, these guys were half the price and fast.

Randy and the guys are very honest and fair. They are the best priced, and they have an excellent team there. I will be using their services always

First of all the service and customer relations was amazing. The waiting room was like being in my home. They had complimentary drinks and snacks that I personally thought was insane but hey awesome nonetheless. They said may take a few hours...Lol took less than 45 mins. Cant say that Randy (the front desk person) could have been more helpfully unless he carried me to my car. I have always drove past them and wondered if they were and good....asked and answered. found my to go service repair for my Volvo. Amazing job guys.

Another great job at european service center had oil leak they found it and fixed it car runs great.good price too.

Great service center with honest upfront cost estimates and they stick to manufacturer recommendations with no upselling.They performed 60k service (and previously 30k & 40k. Took car to a different place for 50k and never again).Will be back!✅Fast turn around.✅Great wait room with snacks, wifi and coffee 👍✅Pricing was good (not cheapest but inline with what youd expect.)

I had transmission fluid and filter change on BMW. All went well. Courteous and professional service. I glad I took my vehicle to them. Will definitely return for any future service.

The guys do great work at a reasonable price. Been dealing with them for a few years now, they serviced 2 of my vehicles and I have no complaints at all.

Excellent service, professionalism, and my car felt great after the work they did. I daresay, it was an even better experience than going to the dealer...definitely more affordable too!!!

I recently took my car to European Service Center for a control arm that the dealership told me that I needed; however, Randy was very honest with me and let me know that my control arm was just fine. There was other work that needed to be done, however. They took care of that just fine. Additionally, I thought that I needed an alignment and was advised that I didnt need it either. Its so refreshing to know theres a car repair shop that has honest employees and arent just trying to take advantage of you. I will definitely be returning for future car servicing and/or repair needs.

Master class service. Complete engine overhaul on my Jaguar XJ without any glitch in less than 72hours. You gotta love it. I am really impressed. These guys are wonderful. They really delivered. What more can I say .Marvelous!

Everyone was very nice, professional and services were reasonably priced! Luxury cars can get expensive but European gave me exact service and value as the MB dealership at not nearly the cost!!! Very very satisfied!!! :)Ursula B.

I had an oil leak, but didnt believe the dealership. I got a second opinion and Im happy I did! Not only did Randy help me find the issue, it was fast maintenance and amazing work! My car runs amazing now. And it was much more affordable than what the dealership estimated me. Definitely only plan on letting European Service center touch my 2014 be 535i. So trustworthy and so thoroughMy first time getting services from here. Randy was amazing, very knowledgeable, professional & funny. Oil change took a little over an hr. And didnt add a list of items that should be fixed according to the dealerships. I love an honest business doing quality work bc I too own a business. Definitely will continue to come back for all my car services or issues. They won a customer for life!

Ive been doing business with this shop for over 6 years now. The service has always been GREAT here. The work is done within the time they tell you it will be done. Also, the prices are much better than BMW or MERCEDES dealerships. European Service Center is hands down the best option if you have to pay out of pocket maintenance cost.

After dealing with 2 different mechanics and a blown engine I was desperate to find quality work. Randy was awesome. Got me in and out and out amd my Audi is running perfectly. I most definitely will be using them in future business. Thanks Randy.

Randy is a super hero and always going to be candid and straight with you. Roberto is a great mechanic. This place really knows European Cars.

I would like to take this opportunity in order to thank the technician named Randy for his outstanding service to my car. Within one day he had assessed the need for my car to be worked on and repaired it back to normal. I am thankful for this 5 star company by having them repair and give me the assurance to know that everything would work out. I would recommend this company to anyone having a European car that needs repair in a professional and friendly environment .Thank you all so very much for your outstanding service and forgive me a military discount also.

Came in with a fried catalytic converter in my 2009 Mini Cooper. Randy was super helpful in giving me a list of part numbers to order so they could complete the repair. Saved over $500 coming here. Would definitely recommend to anybody needing repairs on a european car.

My 2008 VW Passat wagon needed to have the timing chain replaced. I took it to the dealer and their price was sky-high and would have taken 2 weeks, plus they also wanted to do some repairs that werent needed. I took it to Randy and they were great to deal with. Their prices were much lower and they were way faster. Ill be coming back to them for regular maintenance now. Recommend them!

Great service as always! The manager Randy is awesome, knowledgeable, professional and really care about their customers. Highly recommended!

Duluth location needs to be better with customer experience. Didn’t feel very inviting after spending $1,700.00 for repairs. Just seemed to be business as usual for the shop. I’m pretty easy, but knowledgeable when it comes to my vehicle just want straight solid answers and value compared to dealership service $$ which is over rated. All about independent businesses; but they’ve got to keep me wanting to come back. Three stars can turn into 5, but it has to be earned.

Randy and the team at European service center did a fantastic job servicing my 2013 Audi A8L.I will be bringing my car back for future repairs and preventive maintenance.

After using Audi Dealers service centers in the past, I decided to try out European Service Center. I found this Service center to be highly qualified and professional. Their service was prompt saving me a lot of time compared with my past visits to dealership. They are very knowledgeable and Kudos to the staff that explained in detail what needed to be done. Their quotes and pricing was as expected. I would definitely use this Service Center for my future needs.

After using Audi Dealer service in the past, I brought my car first time to European Service Center for oil change and spark plug replacement. Randy (Service Manger) was professional and honest. I would definitely use Duluth Service Center for my car’s future needs.

Was nervous about switching mechanics. Reached out and spoke with Randy, he was very professional and knowledgeable. Price was great. Definitely taking my baby bxk. Thanks Randyyyyy!

I was waiting to change the breaks on my A6 for months as i knew it ll be a big one at the dealership. European service got it done for me for a very reasonable price.They are professional and on time. I recommend them

Went in for a relatively simple but important sensor problem, they got it done super quickly and efficiently. Definitely recommended!

Randy and the entire team at European Service Center provide outstanding and honest customer service. I was able to trust the feedback that they provided to me and the execution of the work was completed quickly and at a cost that I found very fair. I was able to wait in a comfortable waiting room complete with free wi-fi, and complimentary snacks and beverages. Overall I would recommend European Service Center to anyone and will continue to use them for my vehicles.

Had a great experience here & have been taking multiple vehicles here for many years. Highly recommend this place, they do a great job fast!

I called European Auto because they are located within a few miles of my employment. I will now always take my vehicle to them. Randy was amazing! He quickly had my car in the shop and repaired within 24 hours. I am more than happy with the cost. I highly recommend European Auto due to their professionalism, timeliness, pricing, and attention to detail.

Randy and his team were amazing to work with. I live over 200 miles away and was buying a car from a dealership down the road. European Service Center did the pre-purchase inspection and made me feel completely at ease while making a large purchase. Picked up the car this weekend and everything is great!

Excellent service, especially from the help of Randy. Definitely will go back.Thanks again Randy.

Randy & the guys were great! Had my car in & out with my new clutch in record time with outstanding customer service! Ill definitely return for any repairs I need!! Im sure that if you give them a chance, youll be happy that you did!!

I have been a customer of European Service Center for over 10 years. Very Professional and Courteous. Even when I had some initial issues Randy is a such an awesome manager he made things right immediately. I really appreciate the great customer service.

Friendly service. Great customer service.. reasonable price Randy and Jonathan are super customer service people💯

Oh I must say I left this place feeling fly. this is my first big purchase by myself. Randy took care of the Pre-Inspection, I called around 8:30ish explained I was purchasing a new to me Benz and wanted to make sure I wasn’t buying a Lemon. Randy made it so easy breezy got me in and out. He sent me the digital report first off and then explained everything to me in detail on a level where I a WOMAN could understand the first time. He said not only was my vehicle in perfect shape, but it was also immaculately kept and I was purchasing a very, very good car. And that I got it for a good price. I put my Wonder Woman Cape on and held my head very high. I went back to the dealership and wrote the check. I will be coming back for all my vehicle needs.

Randy is always very professional and helpful. I trust their work which is my main concern with my vehicles. They arent cheap but far better than a dealership and great service.

Randy was highly recommended and I’m so glad I took the advice. He was very communicative, prompt and honest. He told me what we needed and what we didn’t need for the car. The prices are reasonable and I will definitely be taking all of my cars to him from now on:)

Super happy how fast there were able to look and fix the problem I had. I found where I will take my car every time I’ll have something wrong with it for sur!!! Thanks again.

The staff is very professional and I was very happy with the quality of service. I highly recommend this business.

Great service, great price, with Manufacturers recommended parts. Highly recommended!

Randy was very personable, professional and trustworthy. They were able to diagnosis my problem quickly and make a recommendation for repair. Also repair was complete when promised. Great business.

I brought my car here for the first time almost two weeks ago. I recently moved to the area and my C300 needed a brake job. Today I find myself missing time from work so I can take my car back to them because my dashboard is lit up with lights and messages stating that my abs system and driver assist is “Inoperative”. If they fix the issue and I have no other problems, then I might change my review. I’m not sure I will ever bring my car back here though. I have never had these kinds of problems before I brought my car here.

Randy was so helpful. He reached out to remind me it was time for routine maintenance on my Volvo S60. They were efficient during drop off. Serviced my car in a timely manner and provided a complimentary service to ensure the coolant levels were good. Overall, I was very pleased.

Great service, on time, stayed on task and affordable. Definitely willing to do business again.

These guys brought me back to life! I visited the VW dealership to change oil for my Tiguan and got the huge price list from them saying my car is about to die soon and i need to pay them $3000 to fix oil leaking and replace some other stuff... It was an awful day, but I found this repair shop and talked to Randy, so it took only 1 day and $494.00 to repair just one failing part (the rest was just OK!) - the lever bushing or something and the car is like new again! these guys are honest and professional! VW dealership are a bunch of crooks.

Very friendly on time cost-effective job. The actual quality of the job needs time to be evaluated but it was just routine maintenance work so everything should be good.

They were able to fit me in same day I called. Completed the service quickly and correctly. Good value and excellent service.

They are fantastic. Very helpful and great to do business with

Called for an appointment to have my oil changed, was told they didnt have any available but ro bring my car/BMW and they would squeeze me in. I was ok with that left my car and a few hours later got a call to pick it up. Thank You randy for the service, squeezing me in and advising me about other issues with my car. My car is running better just like you said. You gained a new customer

Great service and honest, only suggested what needed to be replaced. This shop is now my go to mechanic for my cars!

They were professional and courteous and well informed. The check engine light was on my daughter’s car they diagnosed it properly and read the error properly ad the result was a gas cap was jiggly and they to their credit they didn’t charge us.

This is the first visit I have had at this service center and I will be a customer for life.I was trapped with previous bad repairs from a Firestone Car Care Center. After taking my car to Firestone to have them diagnose a problem that I thought was from an earlier service they had done on my car. They gave me a quote of $740 to repair my car. I am so happy that I did not allow Firestone to touch my car.I called the European Service Center and spoke with Randy. He was courteous, professional and immediately gained my trust. I gave him the quote from Firestone and he called me back with a quote of $167 to repair my car. Randy saved me almost $600.The best part of the service is that Randy assured me that the services he performed on my vehicle were covered by a 36 months/36,000 mile warranty.Its important to get a good price for car repair but it is more important to trust the people working on your car. The European Service Center along with Randy and his team have made me a customer for life.

From the day I found them I havent taken my Range Rover anywhere else. The level of service and professionalism is unmatched. As a woman dealing with car issues it can feel intimidating and dismissive but European Motors eased all of my worries. They explain everything as they go and dont try to take advantage of you with unnecessary add ons or repairs. Not to mention the comfortable and relaxing waiting area... A1!!! Also Randy is awesome, personable and makes even a everyday day errand like an oil change pleasurable. Cant go wrong with this place

I just had major work on my VW TDI done. Was on my way home when my coolant light started screaming. I panicked as I was so far from a VW dealer. But I immediately drove over to these guys. As theyre a mile from my house. They were so kind. Topped my coolant off immediately. So kind!!! Thanks again guys!!

Pre purchase inspection was completed. Very efficient and thorough. Saved me 7k! Thank you so much Randy and the European Service Center!

Randy was very helpfully answering all of my dumb questions without trying to force me to buy anything I don’t need. Very straight and to the point highly recommend. Wish I could give 10stars

Whenever I need maintenance or something is wrong with my cars I bring them here because I know I will be taken care of and treated fairly. If there is something wrong with my car they always provide honest details along with their recommendations. Their pricing is not only fair but often beats local competition. I highly recommend this business to others.